Spectroscopy and Stars

Author(s): Kelly Castillo, Laura Weis
Demonstration Equipment - Teacher's Guide
SED 695B

Principles illustrated:

  • Wavelength
  • Spectrum
  • Star Composition
spctrum

Standards addressed:

8th grade Physical Science- CA Standard
Earth in the Solar System (Earth Sciences)

   4. The structure and composition of the universe can be learned from studying stars and galaxies and their evolution. As a basis for understanding this concept: 

2. Students know that the Sun is one of many stars in the Milky Way galaxy and that stars may differ in size, temperature, and color.
         4. Students know that stars are the source of light for all bright objects in outer space and that the Moon and planets shine by reflected sunlight, not by their own light.
         5. Students know the appearance, general composition, relative position and size, and motion of objects in the solar system, including planets, planetary satellites, comets, and asteroids.
   
 
Materials
Explanation of principles involved
  • Spectrometer
  • Several Spectral Tubes such as:
    • Hydrogen
    • Helium
    • Neon
    • Argon
    • Mercury
  • Bright Outdoor Sky
  • Match (flame)
  • Colored Pencils
  • Worksheet

     

Various gaseous elements emit different spectra of light.  These spectra are indicative of the types of gasses present.  Using a spectroscope and a spectral tube, students can break down this light in order to analyze its components.  This method is similar to that used by scientists to determine the types of gasses that make up stars.  
 

Procedure:

  • Calibrate your spectroscope (see device for specific instructions)
  • Use your spectroscope to view the bright sky. (DO NOT LOOK DIRECTLY AT THE SUN)
  • Find the space on your worksheet labeled "Bright Sky" and use your colored pencils to sketch the spectrum that you see.
  • Be sure to color in as much space as possible.
  • Select three spectral tubes from your teacher's collection.
  • Repeat the above steps- be sure to label each sketch with the name of the corresponding gas.
  • Your teacher will call you over in small groups to conduct the flame test.
  • This sketch also goes in the corresponding box on your worksheet.
Spectroscopes will vary, ask your teacher for specific details on proper use. Some Spectroscopes will have wavelengths listed on them.

 

helium mercury neon oxygen
Helium
Mercury
Neon
Oxygen

References & Links:

How do astronomers use this tool?

Test your skills online.